In
Ukraine the Catholic Church enjoys a highly positive reception.
This is
true for the members of the adherents of the Roman Catholic and of the
Greek Catholic Churches. While the latter is present mainly in western
and central Ukraine, Catholics of the Latin rite are encountered
throughout the country, as the Archbishop of Lviv, Mieczyslaw Mokrzycki,
stressed during a visit to the Catholic charity "Aid to the Church in
Need".
"Formerly the Catholic Church in Ukraine was often referred to as
the Polish church, but today we are being seen more and more as an
indigenous church. The Catholic Church in Ukraine has a new identity,"
Archbishop Mokrzycki explained. He claimed that a clear majority of the
Roman Catholic Christians speak Ukrainian.
Among the faithful other
languages are also common, including Hungarian, Slovakian, Romanian and
Russian; about ten per cent speak Polish. In view of the lack of priests
locally there are still pastoral workers who come originally from
Poland; in the Archdiocese of Lviv there are at present 60 out of 180
priests.
Up
to 1945 the Bishops of the Roman Catholic and Greek Catholic Churches
formed a Bishops' Conference. In the subsequent period of the Soviet
Union, to which Lviv belonged after the Second World War, Christians
suffered reprisals.
In this period of oppression, persecution and
dispersion the cohesion of the Roman Catholic and Greek Catholic
Churches dissipated because of the different cultures, nationalities,
denominations and religions in Ukraine. This also affected Lviv. War,
German occupation, the destruction of the Jewish population and the
soviet epoch have left deep wounds. To the present day the past places a
strain on the relations between the Christian denominations.
With
the break-up of the Soviet Union and the revival of church life the
Roman Catholic and Greek-Catholic Bishops initially went their different
ways; their relationship was not always untroubled. In particular many
buildings confiscated in the communist era were not returned to the
Roman Catholic Church.
At the instigation of Archbishop Mokrzycki the
Bishops of the Churches, which are in full communion with the Holy See,
now meet annually, for the past five years in a joint conference and for
the past three years also for the purpose of joint religious exercises.
To date there has not been a joint Catholic Bishops' Conference,
however.
Archbishop Mokrzycki comes from the Polish town of
Majdan Lukawiecki, which is located on the Ukrainian border. The
distance from here to Lviv is barely 75 kilometres. Until 1991 the
Polish part belonged to the Archdiocese of Lviv. Only since the
independence of Ukraine have the boundaries of the Diocese been limited
to Ukrainian territory.
Archbishop Mokrzycki studied theology in Lublin.
In 1987 he was ordained as a priest. In 1996 he obtained his doctorate
in Rome and then up to 2005 he was secretary to John Paul II and
Benedict XVI. For just under five years Mieczyslaw Mokrzycki, now 52,
has led the Diocese of Lviv in the west of Ukraine. He sees it as his
task to strengthen pastoral work: "Ukraine is a young country, a new
reality. And the Catholic Church in Ukraine is a living church. We are
primarily missionaries here; we see that in our catecheses, which are
received with great interest because people are opening themselves up to
the faith."
"Aid to the Church in Need" has supported the pastoral work
of the Roman Catholic and Greek Catholic Churches in Ukraine for many
years. In 2012, 277 projects were funded to the tune of $4.9 million.